![]() However, the intrinsic relationship between these two general cross-species attributes, as well as the underlying organizational principles, that construct the structural and functional architecture of the cerebral cortex, remains largely unknown. ![]() In the past few decades, the neuroscientific communities have made remarkable progresses in understanding these two prominent structural attributes of the primate cortices (Rakic, 1988, Sur and Rubenstein, 2005, Chédotal and Richards, 2010). Meanwhile, large-scale axonal wiring is another key determinant that sculpts the cerebral cortex into a functional working system during neurodevelopment (O’Leary, 1989, Brown et al., 2002, Passingham et al., 2002, Berghuis et al., 2007, Chédotal and Richards, 2010). The convex and concave cortical structures of gyri and sulci emerge from complex cortical folding processes during neurodevelopment (Richman et al., 1975, Rakic, 1988, Welker, 1990, Sur and Rubenstein, 2005, Rash and Grove, 2006, Dennis et al., 2007). This study also verified the existence of U-shape fibers across data modalities (DTI/HARDI/DSI) and primate species (macaque, chimpanzee and human), and suggests that the common pattern of U-shape fibers coursing around sulci is evolutionarily-preserved in cortical architectures.įolding is an essential shape characteristic of the cerebral cortex in primate brains such as macaque, chimpanzee and human. We verified the presence of these U-shaped streamline fibers that connect neighboring gyri by coursing around cortical sulci such as the central sulcus, pre-central sulcus, post-central sulcus, superior temporal sulcus, inferior frontal sulcus, and intra-parietal sulcus. This paper specifically identifies and characterizes the U-shapes of diffusion imaging derived streamline fibers via a novel fiber clustering framework and examines their co-localization patterns with cortical sulci based on DTI, HARDI, and DSI datasets of human, chimpanzee and macaque brains. However, the topographic and geometric relationships between diffusion imaging derived streamline fiber connection patterns and cortical folding patterns remain largely unknown. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), high angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI), and diffusion spectrum imaging (DSI) have been widely used in the neuroimaging field to examine the macro-scale fiber connection patterns in the cerebral cortex.
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